Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

According to the law of reflection, what is true?

1. The angle of incidence is always less than the angle of reflection

2. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

3. The angle of incidence varies with wave frequency

4. The angle of incidence affects wave speed

The correct answer is: The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

The law of reflection states that when a wave, such as a light wave, strikes a reflective surface, the angle at which it arrives, known as the angle of incidence, is equal to the angle at which it departs, referred to as the angle of reflection. This principle occurs regardless of the nature of the wave or the surface on which it reflects. This key relationship illustrates the symmetry in how waves interact with surfaces, ensuring that the reflective properties are consistent. The understanding of this law is fundamental in various applications, such as optics, where it is crucial for designing mirrors and understanding how light behaves in different environments. The equality of these angles is also evident in practical situations, such as looking into a flat mirror, where the image formed adheres to this principle. In contrast, other options introduce concepts that do not align with the law of reflection. For instance, suggesting that the angle of incidence is always less than the angle of reflection contradicts the law itself. Indicating that the angle of incidence varies with wave frequency is unrelated, as the angles remain equal regardless of frequency. Lastly, the assertion that the angle of incidence affects wave speed is incorrect; wave speed is determined by factors such as the medium rather than the angles involved in reflection