Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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What defines polymorphs in mineralogy?

  1. Identical physical properties with different chemical compositions

  2. Identical chemical compositions with varied crystal structures

  3. Different chemical compositions and same physical form

  4. Similar crystal structures but different mineral types

The correct answer is: Identical chemical compositions with varied crystal structures

Polymorphs in mineralogy are defined by having identical chemical compositions but varying crystal structures. This means that even though the minerals share the same chemical formula, the arrangement of their atoms differs, leading to distinct mineral properties. For example, both diamond and graphite are composed solely of carbon (the same chemical composition), yet their crystal structures are completely different, resulting in very different physical properties such as hardness and appearance. The significance of this concept lies in understanding how changes in temperature and pressure can influence the crystallization processes, allowing the same elements to form different minerals.

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