Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What distinguishes a caldera from other volcanic formations?

1. It is formed by the slowing of lava flow.

2. It is formed by the collapse of the top of a volcano.

3. It is created from volcanic ash deposits.

4. It is resulted from an underground explosion.

The correct answer is: It is formed by the collapse of the top of a volcano.

A caldera is distinguished by its formation as a result of the collapse of the top of a volcano. This occurs typically after a significant eruption that empties the magma chamber beneath the volcano. When the magma chamber is evacuated, the structural support that the magma provided is lost, leading to the collapse of the volcano's summit. This process creates a large, basin-like depression known as a caldera. While other volcanic formations may involve lava flows, ashes, or explosions, they do not result in the characteristic large depression created specifically by the collapse of the volcanic structure after significant magma ejection. Understanding this unique formation process defines what sets a caldera apart in the study of volcanic geography and geology.