Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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What does the term "water table" refer to?

  1. Theoretical boundary between moist and dry soil

  2. Level at which groundwater is found matching atmospheric pressure

  3. Zone where plants absorb groundwater

  4. Surface of artificial water storage

The correct answer is: Level at which groundwater is found matching atmospheric pressure

The term "water table" specifically refers to the level at which groundwater is found, where the pressure within the groundwater is equal to the atmospheric pressure. This is a critical concept in hydrology, as the water table indicates the depth at which soil or rock is saturated with water. Above this level, the soil or rock may contain moisture but is not fully saturated with water. The water table can fluctuate due to varying factors such as rainfall, seasonal changes, and human activities like well drilling or irrigation. Understanding the water table is essential for water resource management, agriculture, and environmental science, as it directly affects groundwater availability and the health of ecosystems.