Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What is the apical meristem responsible for?

1. Photosynthesis in leaves

2. Water storage in roots

3. Area of cell division

4. Transportation of nutrients

The correct answer is: Area of cell division

The apical meristem is a region of actively dividing cells located at the tips of roots and shoots in plants. This area is crucial for plant growth, as it allows for the elongation of roots and stems, enabling the plant to extend its reach for nutrients, water, and sunlight. The process of cell division in the apical meristem gives rise to new cells that differentiate into various types of tissues, leading to the development of leaves, flowers, and the overall structure of the plant. The other functions mentioned, such as photosynthesis, water storage, and transportation of nutrients, are carried out by different plant structures and cells. Photosynthesis primarily occurs in the chloroplasts of leaf cells, while water storage is facilitated by specialized root tissues. Nutrient transportation is mainly the role of vascular tissues, including xylem and phloem, which are distinct from the function of the apical meristem. Thus, identifying the apical meristem's role in cell division highlights its importance in the overall growth and development of the plant.