Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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What is the function of the nucleolus?

Synthesizes and assembles ribosomes
Modifies proteins
Provides structural support
Manufactures lipids

The correct answer is: Synthesizes and assembles ribosomes

The nucleolus is a prominent substructure within the nucleus of eukaryotic cells, and its primary function is to synthesize and assemble ribosomes. Ribosomes play a critical role in protein synthesis, serving as the site where messenger RNA (mRNA) is translated into proteins. The nucleolus is responsible for the production of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and the combination of this rRNA with ribosomal proteins, forming the small and large subunits of ribosomes. These subunits are then transported out of the nucleolus and into the cytoplasm, where they combine to form functional ribosomes and facilitate protein synthesis. The other options focus on functions not associated with the nucleolus. Modifying proteins is primarily the role of the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus, providing structural support is a characteristic of the cytoskeleton and cell wall in plants, while the manufacturing of lipids is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, option A accurately reflects the essential role of the nucleolus in cellular activities related to protein production.