Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What is the seed coat primarily responsible for?

1. Providing nutrition to the growing plant

2. Facilitating seed germination

3. Serving as a protective covering on the seed

4. Enhancing photosynthesis in the seed

The correct answer is: Serving as a protective covering on the seed

The seed coat is primarily responsible for serving as a protective covering on the seed. This outer layer is composed of tough, protective materials that shield the embryo and stored nutrients from physical damage, pathogens, and unfavorable environmental conditions. By acting as a barrier, the seed coat plays a crucial role in the survival of the seed until the appropriate conditions for germination occur. In contrast, providing nutrition to the growing plant is a function fulfilled by the cotyledons or endosperm within the seed, not the seed coat itself. While the seed coat does influence seed germination by maintaining a suitable internal environment and regulating moisture levels, its primary role is protective. Enhancing photosynthesis is not applicable to the seed coat, as seed coats do not contain chlorophyll or perform photosynthesis; this function is relevant to leaves in the plant.