Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

What type of evidence must be observed through the five senses?

1. Statistical evidence

2. Theoretical evidence

3. Empirical evidence

4. Hypothetical evidence

The correct answer is: Empirical evidence

Empirical evidence is derived from observations and experiences that can be measured and analyzed using the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. This type of evidence is foundational to the scientific method, where hypotheses must be tested and verified through direct observation or experimentation. Statistical evidence involves numerical data and analyses that often summarize and interpret observations but do not themselves rely directly on sensory experiences. Theoretical evidence refers to concepts and models that are developed based on reasoning and inference, rather than direct observations. Hypothetical evidence is based on proposed scenarios or contingencies that have not been tested or observed and often involves speculation rather than concrete evidence gathered through sensory analysis. Thus, empirical evidence stands out as the only type that necessitates direct observation through the five senses, making it essential for establishing truths in scientific inquiry.