Michigan Test for Teacher Certification (MTTC) Secondary Integrated Science Practice test

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Which of the following best describes a sex-influenced trait?

A trait that appears equally in both sexes
A trait affected by the sex hormones
A trait that is always recessive
A trait found exclusively in females

The correct answer is: A trait affected by the sex hormones

A sex-influenced trait is one that is affected by sex hormones, resulting in different patterns of expression in males and females. For example, certain traits may be dominant in one sex while recessive in another due to the influence of hormones such as testosterone or estrogen. This characteristic allows for variations in trait expression depending on an individual's sex, which is distinct from sex-linked traits that are located on sex chromosomes or traits that appear equally in both sexes. The other options do not accurately capture the essence of sex-influenced traits. A trait appearing equally in both sexes would imply it does not have the hormonal influence that defines sex-influenced traits. Additionally, not all sex-influenced traits are recessive; some may be dominant in one sex. Lastly, a trait being found exclusively in females suggests it may be sex-limited rather than influenced by hormones, which differentiates it from the broader category of sex-influenced traits.